Last year, I
wrote a paper that applied a thesis expounded by the Indian economist Amaryta Sen--that unequal treatment may be located and fixed by simply observing who dies earlier--and concluded that, contrary to the conventional wisdom that think that Indian women have it bad, their men have it much worse, since they keel over much earlier and have much less quality of life when alive.
Well, today, we learned that
life expectancies in the United States have reached record highs. Which is really good news for white women, who can expect to outlive all, with a life expectancy of 81 years at birth. Black women come in second, with a life expectancy of 77 years. Next come white men, at 76 years, and black men bring up the rear at 70 years.
I find myself scratching my head about how this information was received by the media. Women didn't always outlive men by 5+ years-in fact,
as recently as 1920, it was almost equal-but a news story is published that states that women outlive men by between 5 and 10 years and no one so much as yawns. It is accepted that women outlive men by several years. But why?
As you've probably guessed, I have some theories as to why men die earlier than women. The first is one of simple biology. Male babies die more often than female ones. Testosterone makes men more susceptible to cardiovascular disease. Biologically speaking, the "weaker sex" is the male one--harder to make in utero, and more fragile ex utero, especially when an infant.
The second is that feminism, far from being about equality of the sexes, really just cares about women and women alone. Heck, I'll go out on a cynical limb and state uncategorically that, when it comes down to it, women are concerned primarily about themselves, and a bit less about their children. Men are a distant third, and that's assuming that men's concerns are scored above procuring a new prada bag or getting your nails done. It tends to be men as a sex who look after the good of the whole tribe. Why do I think that? Well, it's certainly interesting to me to observe that
life expectancies were about even until women's suffrage came to town. The gap has been expanding ever since, in parallel with the increase of women's power. Nowadays, there is nearly twice as much money thrown at women's health than at men's health, and it shows in women's advantageous longevity. Even the
Pentagon has been enlisted to fight for better women's health. There are also
at least 7 Federal agencies dedicated to women's health issues. Guess how many government agencies are dedicated to thinking about and advocating for making life better for men? Zero. One would think that women would be greatly concerned about the early demise of their fathers and brothers and particularly husbands, but sadly, this concern just isn't there, not enough to do anything about it anyway.
The third is more of a social aspect. To be sure, men have some sex-specific behaviors under their control that contribute to the disparity. Risk-taking behavior is the primary one. However, violence also strikes men, particularly black men, at rates that far exceed what women suffer, and much much more can be done along these lines, not only from a criminal justice standpoint, but from a cultural context as well. For instance, issues such as divorce and single parenthood greatly effect crime rates and poverty and educational achievement. All three tend to penalize men more. Moreover, if you take a bite out of divorce, you reduce depression and suicide, which men suffer from many times more than women. Lastly, the social safety net exists primarily for women in our society. Men have much fewer resources available to them to draw on. All these factors cut men's lives short.
Fourth is how our health care system is delivered and the social attitudes surrounding its use. Women go to the doctor. Twice as often as men do. Each visit, even if it's for an ob or gyn appointment, results in someone assessing the health of the woman. But our culture does not have a symmetrical health-care-seeking culture between men and women. It is much more accepting of women seeking health care, and penalizes men for doing so....this is particularly true for men seeking mental health care. As a result, men just don't have the reasons or the opportunities to visit with a health care professional like women do, with the result that men "
live sicker and die younger" than women.
My fifth and last theory is that men's lives are just plain harder and more dangerous. Our work lives are more stressful and longer, and men are less likely to have flexible working lives. We commute further distances, which entail greater risk. And, since men are still uniquely responsible for their families, they often have to take jobs which are much more dangerous--
men vastly outnumber women in the most dangerous occupations; the upside is that they pay enough to sustain your family.
Taking all these factors into consideration, it's clear to me that the sex that has been discriminated against in our society is men. And it's no wonder there is a gap in life expectancies. The real question is, are we as a society going to do something about it, or are we just going to accept as an "inevitable fact" that men will croak so much faster than women that there are 8 female centagenarians to every male one.